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Lambda Light Chain λ

The basic structure of the immunoglobulin molecule consists of two identical heavy chains ( γ、μ、α、δ、ε) and two identical light chains (κorλ). Any heavy chain can be combined with a light chain, but the two light chains are of the same type on the immunoglobulin molecule. The ratio of the κ light chain and the λ light chain between the Ig and subunit is different. Additionally the ratio of the κ light chain and the λ light chain of B-cell is about 2:1 in the polyclonal groups.But a single B cell expresses only the κchain or the λ chain, and never expresses both.Usually most of the κ and λ chains bind to heavy-chain immunoglobulins. However, in normal individuals, there are low levels of free light chains in the serum. So,the presence of cells with a mixture of κchains and λ chains indicates the presence of polyclonal group and B-cell reactive or non-tumor proliferation.