A total of 114 datas
CD138 is a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan and an important component of the extracellular matrix and plasma membrane. It is expressed at different stages of normal lymphocyte differentiation, including plasma cells, plasmablasts, and immunoblasts, and shows positive expression in plasmacytomas. CD138 is also expressed in certain epithelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and neural cells. In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, positive CD138 expression is associated with a favorable prognosis.
CD123, also known as the alpha subunit of the human interleukin-3 (IL-3) receptor, is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein and a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily. CD123 forms a heterodimer with CD131 (the beta subunit of the IL-3 receptor) to constitute the functional IL-3 receptor, in which the alpha subunit confers cytokine specificity while the beta subunit mediates signal transduction. It has been reported that the IL-3 receptor is expressed on monocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, megakaryocytes, as well as their proliferating and differentiating precursors. In addition to the hematopoietic system, CD123 is also expressed in Leydig cells of the testis, certain endothelial cells, and cells of the placenta and brain.
CD99 is a transmembrane glycoprotein formed by O-glycosylation of a 28 kDa precursor, resulting in a mature molecule of approximately 32 kDa. It is distributed in lymphocytes, thymic cortical cells, ovarian granulosa cells, pancreatic islet cells, and Sertoli cells of the testis. CD99 is currently used primarily in the differential diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumors, and small round cell tumors that may occur in childhood. It is also useful in the differential diagnosis of thymic epithelial tumors.
CD79a is primarily expressed on the surface of mature plasma cells. Membrane-bound immunoglobulin is associated with a heterodimer composed of mb-1 (CD79a) and B29 (CD79b) proteins. Approximately 97% of B-cell lymphomas express CD79a. In cases where CD20 expression is lost following anti-CD20 therapy, CD79a remains positive. It is mainly usedin combination with other antibodies for the diagnosis of B-cell lymphomas.
CD74 exists in several isoforms (33, 35, and 41 kDa) and represents the invariant chain of HLA-DR. It has been reported that CD74 is expressed in B-cell lymphomas, leukemias, Reed-Sternberg (R-S) cells, and Hodgkin mononuclear cells. CD74 expression is present from early stages of B-cell development, prior to the pre-B-cell stage, and is lost before differentiation into plasma cells.
CD71 is a type Il transmembrane glycoprotein with an approximate molecular weight of 180 kDa. It is recognized as the transferrin receptor and consists of two 90 kDa subunits linked by disulfide bonds. CD71 plays a critical role in cell proliferation by regulating iron availability, which is essential for many metabolic pathways. This function is mediated through binding and internalization of iron-transport proteins, primarily transferrin. It has been reported that CD71 is expressed on activated B and T lymphocytes, macrophages, proliferating cells, and metabolically active cells such as neurons.
CD68 is a marker primarily used to identify macrophages in various tissues, including Kupffer cells in the liver.It is widely applied in the diagnosis of acute and chronic myeloid leukemias and tumors of histiocytic origin, such as malignant fibrous histiocytoma. It is often used in combination with markers such as AACT and lysozyme to improve diagnostic accuracy.
CD63 is widely expressed in both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, including those of sweat glands, Langerhans islets, the pituitary gland, pancreas, peribronchial glands, Paneth cells, and the prostate, as well as in monocytes, macrophages, and activated platelets. CD63 functions as a tumor suppressor gene in malignant melanoma, where it inhibits tumor spread andmetastasis. It is primarily used in the diagnosis of malignant melanoma, but is often detected in combination with markers such as NCL-MelanA, NCL-TYROS, NCL-MiTF, and NCL-S100 to improve diagnostic accuracy.
CD61 antigen, also known as GPlla, is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 105 kDa. It is present on platelets, monocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, and fibroblasts. CD61 plays an important role in platelet aggregation and serves as a receptor for fibrinogen, fibronectin, von Willebrand factor, and vitronectin. It has been reported that CD61 is minimally expressed or absent in patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia. Most cases of megakaryocytic leukemia express the CD61 antigen.
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