A total of 114 datas
CAM5.2 is a low-molecular weight cytokeratin that serves as a broad-spectrum marker for simple epithelial cells and is localized in the cytoplasm. It has been reported that CAM5.2 shows strong positivity in glandular epithelium and various adenocarcinomas, with stronger expression in glandular epithelium than in stratified squamous epithelium. Therefore, it is one of the most commonly used markers for glandular epithelium and adenocarcinomas.
CAM5.2 is a low-molecular weight cytokeratin that serves as a broad-spectrum marker for simple epithelial cells and is localized in the cytoplasm. It has been reported that CAM5.2 shows strong positivity inglandular epithelium and various adenocarcinomas, with stronger expression in glandular epithelium thanin stratified squamous epithelium. Therefore, it is one of the most commonly used markers for glandular epithelium and adenocarcinomas.
CK (LMW) (clone AE1) recognizes basic members of the high-molecular weight cytokeratin family and is mainly expressed in squamous epithelium. It is also useful in the identification and determination of epithelial origin in metastatic tumors.
The CK34βE12 clone reacts with human keratin intermediate filaments 1, 5, 10, and 14. It has been reported that this antibody reacts with human squamous epithelium, sweat gland ducts of normal skin, a subset ofalveolar cells, bronchial epithelium, normal pulmonary mesothelial cells, and normal intrahepatic bile ducts.It also shows reactivity with normal pancreatic ductal cells, portions of ducts and acini in the normal breast, a subset of follicular epithelial cells in the normal thyroid, and portions of epithelial and mesothelial cells in the normal small and large intestine.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium that infects individuals with immature immunesystems, such as fetuses and new borns, in their lungs, liver, internal organs, or other organs. CMV intections also occur in immunocompromised individuals such as organ transplant recipients, patients undergoing chemotherapy and HIV-infected individuals. In immunocompromised individuals, there is a typical infection process for acute CMV infection. The pp65 antigenemia is reported to be a characteristic manifestation at this stage and is related to viralreplication. Viral presence can be observed within a few weeks and before the clinical symptoms appear. Subsequenty, CMV viruses can be isolated from cultures, and early viral protein expression in the cell nucleus is observed within 3 to 24 hours of infection. After 48 to 72 hours of infection, it has been proven that a large amount of late viral expression occurs in the cell nucleus and cytoplasm of infected cells.
CgA is the most abundant soluble acidic protein in the human adrenal medulla. It is widely expressed in neurons, neuroendocrine cells, and tumor cells, and is primarily used in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors such as pituitary tumors, islet cell tumors, pheochromocytomas, medullary thyroid carcinomas, and carcinoids.
CD235a, also known as glycophorin A, is a sialylated glycoprotein located on the surface of human erythrocytes and serves as the carrier of the M and N blood group antigens. Its gene is located on chromosome 4q28-q31 and belongs to a homologous gene family that includes glycophorin B and glycophorin E. Glycophorin A is expressed throughout the entire process of erythropoiesis. It has been reported that high-level expression of glycophorin A on each erythrocyte is indicative of red cell maturation. In most cases of erythroleukemia, neoplastic nucleated erythroid cells express this protein, whereas it is rarely expressed in acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic eukemia. Therefore, glycophorin A is mainly used for the auxiliary diagnosis of erythroleukemia and for the identification of erythroid lineage leukemias.
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a non-organ-specific tumor-associated antigen and is therefore widely used in clinical practice as a broad-spectrum tumor marker. Polyclonal CEA antibodies can cross-react with biliary glycoprotein I, showing characteristic canalicular staining positivity in both benign and malignant liver tumors. It is commonly used in the study of hepatocellular carcinoma.
CD163 is a type I membrane protein, also known as M130 antigen, Ber-Mac3, Ki-M8, or SM4. Its expression is restricted to the monocyte/macrophage lineage. It has been reported that CD163 is expressed on all circulating blood monocytes and on macrophages in most tissues (except for the mantle zone and germinal centers of lymphoid follicles), as well as on dendritic reticular cells and Langerhans cells. In addition, multinucleated cells in inflammatory lesions do not express CD163. CD163 expression is upregulated by glucocorticoids and downregulated by immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine A and by phorbol esters, whereas lipopolysaccharide, an inflammatory mediator, does not affect its expression. The specific release mechanism of soluble CD163 from human monocytes may play an important role in the regulation of inflammatory processes.
CD138 is a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan and an important component of the extracellular matrix and plasma membrane. It is expressed at different stages of normal lymphocyte differentiation, including plasma cells, plasmablasts, and immunoblasts, and shows positive expression in plasmacytomas. CD138 is also expressed in certain epithelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and neural cells. In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, positive CD138 expression is associated with afavorable prognosis.
Chat
Tel
Email
Top
Elevate Your IHC Business with Proven Solutions & Global Support.
