A total of 114 datas
CD2 is expressed on the surface of mature T cells and NK cells. CD2 can promote the recognition ofantigens by T lymphocytes and enhance the adhesion and signal transduction between T lymphocytes, thymocytes, and NK cells with antigen-presenting cells and target cells. This antibody can label normal T cells and their related tumors.
CD1a is expressed on dendritic cells, Langerhans cells of the skin, and cortical thymocytes. CD1a is used for the typing of thymic carcinoma and can also be used for the differential diagnosis of thymic tumors and primary thoracic tumors.
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an enzyme that can assist in the rapid synthesis of carbonic acid, protons, and bicarbonate ions from carbon dioxide and water, and is highly expressed in mammalian tissues. Many genes are induced by hypoxia through HIF-1a. CA-9 is one of the most important of these hypoxia- ind ucible genes due to its stability and location within the membrane. Carbonic anhydrase regulates pH in normal tissues by regulating ions. Changes in pH can reflect cell death under hypoxic conditions. High expression of CA-9 leads to increased cell death under hypoxic conditions. Therefore, CA-9 is a reliable histochemical marker of hypoxia.
Calcitonin (CT) is a 32-amino acid peptide synthesized by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland. It reduces serum calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, reducing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, and reducing intestinal calcum absorption. Its action is therefore opposite tothat of parathyroid hormone. The CT gene transcript also encodes calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP),which is a potent vasodilator. In thyroid parafollicular cells, 95% of the CT/CGRP is processed and translated toproduce CT. However, in nerve cells, 99% of the CT/CGRP RNA is translated into CGRP. Thyroid C-cells cangive rise to endocrine tumors, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), which can be sporadic (75% of cases) or hereditary (25% of cases).
Cadherin-17 is part of the cadherin super family of calcium-dependent, membrane-associated glycoproteins. It plays an important role in the tissue formation of the liver and intestine. In normal tissues, Cadherin-17 is expressed in the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreatic ducts, but not in the kidney, liver, and some other tissues. In tumor tissues, Cadherin-17 is positively expressed in malignant tumors of the digestive system and liver cancer. This antibody is a highly sensitive marker in the identification of gastrointestinal epithelial metaplasia and highly differentiated adenocarcinoma.
CK20 is a 46 kDa cyto keratin that shows positive staining in normal gastrointestinal epithelium, Merkelcells, and urothelium. It is mainly used for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, Merkel cellcarcinoma, and ovarian mucinous tumors. CK20 is often used in combination with CK7 to determine the primary site of cancer.
CK19 (Cyto keratin 19) is present in normal epithelium and various tumors of epithelial origin, especially insimple epithelium and mesothelium. It is often used for the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma. Hepatocytes donot express CK19, so it can be used for the differential diagnosis of liver cancer and metastatic adenocarcinoma.
CK18 is usually co-expressed with CK8 and is present in most simple ductal and glandular epithelia. Product Specific Information: CK18 reacts with the acidic cyto keratin intermediate filament protein (45 kD) to recognize cyto keratin 18. It has been reported that CK18 is not expressed in the stratified squamous epithelium of most squamous cell carcinomas.
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