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IgD(EP173),RMab

The most common feature shared by plasma cell dyscrasias and certain non-Hodgkin lymphomas is theexpression of a single heavy chain. lt is primarily used in the study of the lymphatic system.

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IgA(EP170),RMab

This antibody reacts with the alpha chain of immunoglobulin A (lgA). it is of certain auxiliary significance inthe differential diagnosis of lymphomas, plasmacytomas, and Hodgkin lymphomas of B-cell origin. it canalso be used in the functional classification of glomerulonephritis for diagnostic purposes.

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INI-1(MRQ-27),MMab

The INl-1 gene encodes a component of the SWl/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, whose function is not vet fullyunderstood. it is frequently mutated or deleted in malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT). The overall survival rate for MRTis significantly lower than that for medulloblastoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET), making it essentialto distinguish MRT from these other tumor types. IN-1 expression is typically lost in MRT, whereas the vast majority ofmedulloblastomas and PNETs retain lNl-1 expression. Epithelioid sarcoma in soft tissue often exhibits rhabdoid featureshistologicallvy and also lacks lNl-1 expression, which can sometimes make diferentiation from RT challenging.However, epithelioid sarcomas are positive for CD34 and B-catenin, while MRT is negative for both.

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Inhibin, alpha (C6H12), MMab

Inhibins and activins are members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-B) family of cytokines. lnhibins areheterodimers consisting of a common alpha subunit linked to either a beta A subunit (a-BA, forming inhibin A) or abeta B subunit (a-BB, forming inhibin B). Activins share the beta subunits with inhibins and may be eitheinomodimers or heterodimers of these beta subunits, forming activin A (BA-BA), activin AB (BA-8B). or activin B (BB.BB). The expression of the alpha subunit and inhibins is more restricted compared to that of the beta subunits andactivins. lnhibins and activins play a role in regulating, pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (fSH) secretion, withopposing effects: inhibins suppress fSH secretion, while activins stimulate it. lnhibins are secreted by ovariangranulosa cells in females and'testicular Sertoli cells in males. Beyond the ovaries, inhibins exert local regulatoryfunctions in various tissues, including the brain, adrenal glands, bone marrow, fetus, and placenta.

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IgM(BSB-41),MMab

IgM reacts with the mu chain of immunoglobulin M and is of certain auxiliary significance in the differentiadiagnosis of some lymphomas. it is mainly used for detecting the types of immune complexes inglomerulonephritis, contributing to the functional classification of glomerulonephritis.

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IgG4(MRQ-44),MMab

igG4 is a low-proportion lgG subtype, accounting for only 3% to 6% of total lgG in normal human serum. lgG4related sclerosing disease is a recently recognized syndrome characterized by tumor-like lesions in multiple organsincluding the pancreas, bile ducts, gallbladder, lacrimal glands, salivary glands, retroperitoneum, kidneys, lungsbreast, thyroid, and prostate. Histologically, these lesions show dense infiltration of ivmphocytes and plasma celsalong with stromal sclerosis. Patients typically exhibit elevated serum lgG4 titers and increased lgG4-positive plasmacells in affected tissues. The condition often responds well to steroid therapy and is associated with a favorableclinical prognosis. lmmunohistochemical studies of igG4-related sclerosing disease have shown a marked increase inlgG4-positive cells in lesional tissues, as well as a significantly elevated lgG4/lgG ratio.

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H3K27ME3(SDT-431-118),RMab

H3K27me3 is a histone methylation modification that occurs at the N-terminal tail of lysine 27 on corehistone H3. lt is an important transcriptional repressive post-translational modification primarily found inthe promoters of gene-dense regions. in embryonic stem cells, H3K27me3 participates in various aspectsof biological processes together with developmental regulators. Loss of H3K27me3 expression is bothsensitive and specific for the diagnosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Widespread reductionof H3K27me3 expression can assist in the diagnosis of diffuse midline glioma with H3K27M mutation, butit cannot replace the primary diagnostic role of detecting the H3K27M mutation itself.

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HIF-1 (EP118) alpha, RMab

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha is a protein encoded by the Hlf1A gene in humans. HiF-1 plays an importantrole in cellular and systemic responses to hypoxia. it is a key mediator of the hypoxic response, upregulatingthe expression of proteins that promote angiogenesis, anaerobic metabolism, and various other survivapathways. HlF-1 is expressed in many types of tumors, including various solid tumors such as breast cancertype endometrial carcinoma, sarcomas, head and neck tumors, and brain tumors, HlF-1 expression isassociated with tumor angiogenesis, tumor progression, and clinical outcomes. Research data indicate thathypoxia can predict poor treatment outcomes in radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, cervical cancer, andsoft tissue sarcoma.

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HSP27(G3.1),MMab

Heat shock proteins are a group of stress proteins induced in cells in response to various stressors. They are associated with tumor development, proliferation, and differentiation. Based on their molecular weight, HSPs can be classified into three main types, each with distinct distributions and functions. HSP27 is the most common and smallest heat shock protein in humans. HSP27, along with other heat shock proteins, may be involved in tumor drug resistance, tumor differentiation, and patient prognosis.

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HBsAg(A10F1),MMab

HBsAg (Hepatitis B surface antigen) is a surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus. It is primarily used in the diagnosis of hepatitis, particularly for detecting the hepatitis B virus in liver biopsy samples. It is also valuable in etiological studies of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, this antibody aids in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hepatitis-associated nephritis.

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Mesothelial cell (HBME-1), MMab

The mesothelial cell antigen is primarily distributed in mesothelial cells and is not expressed in other glandular epithelial cells. It is mainly used in the diagnosis of benign and malignant mesothelioma. In malignant mesothelioma, this antibody typically shows positive staining on the cell membrane, whereas in other adenocarcinomas, it is more often positive in the cytoplasm—a distinction that should be carefully considered during diagnosis.

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