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Suefactant Protein A(C3F12),MMab

Surfactant protein A( SP-A) plays a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity of the respiratory epithelium by reducing surface tension during respiration. Surfactant is a poprotein complex synthesized by alveolar type ll cells and secreted into the alvedli. SP-A is the major phospholipid-assodated glycoprotein in surfactant and a member of the C-type lectin superfamily It also inhibits lipid secretion and enhances phospholipid uptake by alveolar type ll cells. It has been reported that SP-A levels in amniotic fluid reflect fetal lung maturity, and insufficient surfactant protein levels at birth-commonly observed in preterm infants-can lead to respiratory failure. In individual with lung adenocarcinoma hgh aoncentrations of SPAave been reported in pleural effusions. However, in poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinoma SP-A immunoreactivity is sgnificantly reduced Zameanik J, Kodek R. Virchows Arch. 440( 4) : 353-61 (2002)).

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SOX-11(MRQ-58),MMab

SOX genes constitute a family of genes encoding transcription factors. SOX11 is primarily associated with embryonic neural development. It has been reported that Sox11 is highly expressed in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) , including CyclinD1-negative MCL with typical morphological features. In contrast, it shows negative expression in B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.

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SOX-10(C6E11),MMab

SOX-10( SRY-related HMG-box gene 10) is a nuclear transcription factor involved in neural development and melanocyte lineage differentiation. It has recently been established as a sensitive marker for melanoma, including conventional, spindle cell, and desmoplastic subtypes. SOX-10 is expressed in 97% of melanomas and 49% of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. In desmoplastic or spindle cell melanoma, SOX-10 is frequently positive, whereas HMB45 and Melan A are typically negative.

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SALL4 (C2E8),MMab

SALL4 is a zinc finger transcription factor that is a key regulator of embryonic stem cell pluripotency. SALL4 is highly expressed in germ cell tumors and is a highly sensitive marker for seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, and yolk sac tumors. SALL4 is also expressed in hepatoblastoma and a subset of hepatocellular carcinomas, aiding in the diagnosis of liver tumors.

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S100P(C5B10),MMab

S100P is a member of the s100 protein family and, when aberrantly expressed in tumors, plays a significant role in tumor growth, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis through various signaling pathways. It was initially found to be highly expressed in placental tissue. S100P is highly ex essed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma but not in benign pancreatic ducts or acini. It has been reported that s100P is expressed in all invasive components of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, including perineural, lymph node, and micro-invasion. In bile duct biopsies, 90% of primary cancers show strong s100p positivity, whereas benign biopsy tissues are negative for S100P Therefore, in bile duct biopsy specimens, s100p can help distinguish carcinoma from reactive epithelial changes. Additionally, S100P is also recognized as one of the specific markers for urothelial carcinoma.

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S100(4C4.9),MMab

S-100A and S-100B are two members of the S-100 protein family. S-100A is composed of one alpha chain and one beta chain, whereas S-100B consists of two beta chains. S-100 proteins are widely expressed in epithelial, mesenchymal, and lymphohematopoietic cells, including glial cells, melanoma cells, Schwann cells, interdigitating dendritic cells, and Langerhans cells. Therefore, they are used in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of tumors arising from these cell types.

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Retinoblastoma Gene Protein (13A10),MMab

Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a rare retinal tumor associated with mutations on chromosome 13. The nuclear phosphoprotein encoded by the Rb tumor suppressor gene is present in many cell types and indirectly regulates cell growth by 4tivating the transcription factor ATF-2. Activation of ATF-2 initiates the expression of TGF-B2, which in turn inhibits gene transcription and affects cell growth. Bilateral mutations of the Rb gene may play a potential role in the development of various malignant tumors.

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Prolactin(EP193),RMab

Prolactin (PRL) is a polypeptide hormone secreted by lactotroph cells in the anterior pituitary gland. Its primary function is to stimulate milk production. Prolactin IHC is used for the functional classification of pituitary adenomas, specifically for identifying prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas (prolactinomas).

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PMS2(EP51),RMab

PMS2 is a mismatch repair protein with a molecular weight of 90 kDa, encoded by a gene located on chromosome 7. Under normal physiological conditions, PMs2 typically functions alongside MSH2, MSH6,and MLH1 to monitor DNA replication and correct genetic mutations that may arise from base mismatches or" spelling errorsduring the process. Deficiency of this gene accounts for a small but significant proportion of colorectal cancers and the majority of tumors exhibiting microsatellite instability.

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Hepatocyte(OCHIE5),MMab

Hepatoblastoma has been reported as the most common primary liver tumor in children. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish hepatoblastoma from other small round cell tumors in children, especially the embryonal type of hepatoblastoma. Expression of hepatocyte-specific antigen, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) , or carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been detected in both normal fetal hepatocytes and malignant hepatocytes.

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Hepatocyte (C4F5), MMab

Hepatoblastoma has been reported as the most common primary liver tumor in children. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish hepatoblastoma from other small round cell tumors in children, especially the embryonal type of hepatoblastoma. Expression of hepatocyte-specific antigen, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) , or carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been detected in both normal fetal hepatocytes and malignant hepatocytes.

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HLA-DR(MyR1-HLA-Dra), RMab

HLA-DR is an MHC class ll molecule consisting of two subunits with molecular weights of 36 kDa and 27 KDa( a subunit and B subunit, respectively) . HLA-DR is expressed on B lymphocytes, monocytes,macrophages, activated T lymphocytes, activated NK lymphocytes, and human progenitor cells. It is also expressed on thymic epithelial cells, in B lymphocyte-dependent areas of the spleen and lymph nodes, and in B-cell lymphomas. HLA-DR is co-expressed with CDla on epidermal Langerhans cells.

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